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HMS ''Marlborough'' was an of the British Royal Navy, named in honour of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. She was built at Devonport Royal Dockyard between January 1912 and June 1914, entering service just before the outbreak of the First World War. She was armed with a main battery of ten guns and was capable of a top speed of . ''Marlborough'' served with the Grand Fleet for the duration of the war, primarily patrolling the northern end of the North Sea to enforce the blockade of Germany. She saw action at the Battle of Jutland (31 May – 1 June 1916), where she administered the ''coup de grâce'' to the badly damaged German cruiser . During the engagement, ''Wiesbaden'' hit ''Marlborough'' with a torpedo that eventually forced her to withdraw. The damage to ''Marlborough'' was repaired by early August, though the last two years of the war were uneventful, as the British and German fleets adopted more cautious strategies due to the threat of underwater weapons. After the war, ''Marlborough'' was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she took part in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War in the Black Sea in 1919–20. She was also involved in the Greco-Turkish War. In 1930, the London Naval Treaty mandated that the four ''Iron Duke''-class battleships be discarded; ''Marlborough'' was used for a variety of weapons tests in 1931–32, the results of which were incorporated into the reconstruction programme for the s. ==Design== (詳細はlong overall and had a beam of and an average draught of . She displaced as designed and up to at combat loading. Her propulsion system consisted of four Parsons steam turbines, with steam provided by eighteen Babcock & Wilcox boilers. The engines were rated at and produced a top speed of . ''Marlborough''s cruising radius was at a more economical . She had a crew of 995 officers and enlisted men; during wartime this increased to up to 1,022.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 31〕 The ship was armed with a main battery of ten BL 13.5-inch Mk V naval guns mounted in five twin gun turrets. They were arranged in two superfiring pairs, one forward and one aft; the fifth turret was located amidships, between the funnels and the rear superstructure. Close-range defence against torpedo boats was provided by a secondary armament of twelve BL 6-inch Mk VII guns. ''Marlborough'' was also fitted with a pair of QF 3-inch 20 cwt anti-aircraft guns and four 3-pounder guns.〔"Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 20 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.〕 As was typical for capital ships of the period, she was equipped with four torpedo tubes submerged on the broadside. She was protected by a main armoured belt that was thick over the ship's vitals. Her deck was thick. The main battery turret faces were thick, and the turrets were supported by barbettes thick.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Marlborough (1912)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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